The yield on the 10-year note ended September 6, 2024 at 3.72%, the 2-year note ended at 3.66%, and the 30-year at 4.03%.
Official recession calls are the responsibility of the NBER Business Cycle Dating Committee, which is understandably vague about the specific indicators on which they base their decisions. There is, however, a general belief that there are four big indicators that the committee weighs heavily in their cycle identification process.
There is a general belief that there are four big indicators that the NBER Business Cycle Dating Committee weighs heavily in their cycle identification process. This commentary focuses on one of those indicators, nonfarm employment. August saw a 142,000 increase in total nonfarm payrolls and the unemployment fell to 4.2%.
The latest employment report showed 142,000 jobs were added in August, falling short of the expected addition of 164,000 new jobs. Meanwhile, the unemployment rate ticked lower to 4.2%.
The Institute of Supply Management (ISM) has released its August services purchasing managers' index (PMI). The headline composite index is at 51.5, slightly better than the forecast. The latest reading moves the index back into expansion territory for 48th time in the past 50 months.
In the week ending August 31st, initial jobless claims were at a seasonally adjusted level of 227,000, falling to a two-month low. This represents a decrease of 5,000 from the previous week's figure and is better than the 231,000 economists were expecting.
The latest job openings and labor turnover summary (JOLTS) report showed that job openings slid in July, reflecting cooling hiring. Vacancies decreased to 7.673 million in July from June's downwardly revised level of 7.910 million. The latest reading was below the expected 8.090 million vacancies.
Here is a look at real (inflation-adjusted) charts of the S&P 500, Dow 30, and Nasdaq composite since their 2000 highs. We've updated this through the August 2024 close.
The S&P 500 real monthly averages of daily closes reached a new all-time high in July 2024. Let's examine the past to broaden our understanding of the range of historical bull and bear market trends in market performance.
With the Q2 GDP second estimate and the August close data, we now have an updated look at the popular "Buffett Indicator" -- the ratio of corporate equities to GDP. The current reading is 194.9%, down from 197.4% the previous quarter.
Our monthly market valuation updates have long had the same conclusion: US stock indexes are significantly overvalued, which suggests cautious expectations for investment returns. On August 4, 2020, the 10-year Treasury yield hit its all-time low of 0.52%. As of August 31, it was 3.91%.
Here's an interesting set of charts that will especially resonate with those of us who follow economic and market cycles. Imagine that five years ago you invested $10,000 in the S&P 500. How much would it be worth today, with dividends reinvested but adjusted for inflation? The purchasing power of your investment has increased to $17,095 for an annualized real return of 10.77%.
Here is a summary of the four market valuation indicators we update on a monthly basis.
Based on the August S&P 500 average of daily closes, the Crestmont P/E of 38.6 is 156% above its arithmetic mean, 179% above its geometric mean, and is at the 99th percentile of this 14-plus-decade series.
Here is the latest update of a popular market valuation method, Price-to-Earnings (P/E) ratio, using the most recent Standard & Poor's "as reported" earnings and earnings estimates, and the index monthly average of daily closes for the past month. The latest trailing twelve months (TTM) P/E ratio is 27.2 and the latest P/E10 ratio is 34.9.
The Q Ratio is the total price of the market divided by the replacement cost of all its companies. The latest Q-ratio is at 1.71, down from 1.77 in July.
Quick take: At the end of August, the inflation-adjusted S&P 500 index price was 164% above its long-term trend, down from July.
About the only certainty in the stock market is that, over the long haul, over-performance turns into underperformance and vice versa. Is there a pattern to this movement? Let's apply some simple regression analysis to the question.
The Institute for Supply Management (ISM) manufacturing purchasing managers index (PMI) inched up to 47.2 in August but remains in contraction territory for a fifth straight month. The index has now contracted for 21 of the past 22 months. The latest reading was worse than the forecast of 47.5.
The August S&P Global US Manufacturing PMI™ fell to 47.9 in August from 49.6 in July, indicating a modest deterioration in business conditions for a second straight month. The latest reading was just below the forecasted reading of 48.0 and is the index's lowest level of the year.
As of August 31, 2024, the 10-year note was 339 basis points above its historic closing low of 0.52% reached on August 4, 2020.
Seven of our eight indexes on our world watch list have posted gains through August 30th, 2024. The U.S.'s S&P 500 finished in the top spot with a year-to-date gain of 19.09%. Tokyo's Nikkei 225 finished in second with a year-to-date gain of 15.49% while India's BSE SENSEX finished in third with a year-to-date gain of 14.57%.
The weekly leading economic index (WLEI) is a composite for the U.S economy that draws from over 20 time-series and groups them into the following six broad categories which are then used to construct an equally weighted average. As of August 23rd, the index was at 24.827, down 1.545 from the previous week, with 4 of the 6 components in expansion territory.
Valid until the market close on September 30, 2024
This article provides an update on the monthly moving averages we track for the S&P 500 and the Ivy Portfolio after the close of the last business day of the month.
The S&P 500 capped off the month of August just below its record high, finishing up 0.24% from last Friday. The index is currently 0.33% off its record close from July 16th, 2024 and is now up 19.09% year-to-date.
The BEA's core Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) Price Index for July showed that core inflation continues to be above the Federal Reserve's 2% long-term target at 2.6%. The July core Consumer Price Index (CPI) release was higher, at 3.2%. The Fed is on record as using core PCE data as its primary inflation gauge.
Consumer attitudes are measured by two monthly surveys: the University of Michigan’s Consumer Sentiment Index (MCSI) and the Conference Board’s Consumer Confidence Index (CCI). In August, the MCSI rose for the first time in 5 months, inching up to 67.94. Meanwhile, the CCI increased to 103.3, its highest level in 6 months.
Personal income (excluding transfer receipts) rose 0.32% in July and is up 4.1% year-over-year. However, when adjusted for inflation using the BEA's PCE Price Index, real personal income (excluding transfer receipts) was up 0.16% month-over-month and up 1.6% year-over-year.
Consumer sentiment rose for the first time in five months, according to the final August report for the Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index. The index rose 1.5 points (2.3%) from July's final reading to 67.9. The latest reading was above the forecast of 67.8.
The latest Chicago Purchasing Manager's Index (Chicago Business Barometer) edged up to 46.1 in August from 45.3 in July. The latest reading is better than the 45.0 forecast but keeps the index in contraction territory for a ninth straight month.
With the release of July's report on personal incomes and outlays, we can now take a closer look at "real" disposable personal income per capita. At two decimal places, the nominal 0.21% month-over-month change in disposable income comes to 0.06% when we adjust for inflation. The year-over-year metrics are 3.09% nominal and 0.58% real.
The BEA's Personal Income and Outlays report revealed inflation remained at its lowest level since early 2021. The PCE price index, the Fed's favored measure of inflation, was up 2.5% year-over-year, just below the forecasted 2.6% growth. On a monthly basis, PCE inflation was up 0.2% from June, as expected.
The second estimate for Q2 GDP came in at 2.95%, an acceleration from 1.41% for the Q1 final estimate. With a per-capita adjustment, the headline number is lower at 2.48%, a pickup from 0.95% for the Q1 headline number.
Real gross domestic product (GDP) is comprised of four major subcomponents. In the Q2 GDP second estimate, three of the four components made positive contributions.
The U.S. economy grew at a faster than expected pace during the second quarter of this year. Real gross domestic product increased at an annual rate of 2.95% in Q2 2024, according to the second estimate. The latest estimate is above the forecasted 2.8% growth and is a pickup from the Q1 2023 GDP final estimate of 1.4%.
The National Association of Realtors® (NAR)unexpectedly fell 5.5% in July to 70.2, its lowest level in history. Pending home sales were expected to inch up 0.2% from the previous month. The index is down 8.5% from one year ago.
The Conference Board's Consumer Confidence Index® hit a six-month high in August. The index rose to 103.3 this month from July's upwardly revised 101.9. This month's reading was better than expected, exceeding the 100.9 forecast.
Home prices continued to trend upwards in June as the benchmark 20-city index rose for a sixteenth consecutive month to a new all-time high. The S&P Case-Shiller Home Price Index revealed seasonally adjusted home prices for the 20-city index saw a 0.4% increase month-over-month (MoM) and a 6.4% increase year-over-year (YoY). After adjusting for inflation, the MoM was reduced to 0.1% and the YoY was reduced to 0.9%.
Gas prices fell to their lowest level in 6 months this past week. As of August 26th, the price of regular and premium gas decreased 7 cents and 5 cents from the previous week, respectively. The WTIC end-of-day spot price for crude oil closed at $77.42, up 5.1% from last week.
Fifth district manufacturing activity slowed in August, according to the most recent survey from the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond. The composite manufacturing index fell to -19 this month from -17 in July. This month's reading was worse than the forecast of -14 and is the lowest reading since May 2020.
The Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) house price index (HPI) unexpectedly declined to 424.5 in June, just below the all-time high of 424.8 from the previous month. U.S. house prices were down 0.1% from the previous month and are up 5.1% from one year ago. After adjusting for inflation, the real index was up 0.1% month-over-month and up 3.3% year-over-year.
The Dallas Fed released its Texas Manufacturing Outlook Survey (TMOS) for August. The latest general business activity index came in at -9.7, up from -17.5 last month. This marks the highest level for the index since January 2023 but is the 28th consecutive month the index has been in contraction territory.
New orders for manufactured durable goods rose to $289.65B in July, the highest level since November. This represents a 9.9% increase from the previous month and better than the expected 4.0% growth. The series is up 1.3% year-over-year (YoY). If we exclude transportation, "core" durable goods were down 0.2% from the previous month and up 0.6% from one year ago.
The July release for new home sales from the Census Bureau came in at a seasonally adjusted annual rate of 739,000 units, the highest level in fourteen months. The latest reading came in higher than the 624,000 forecast. New home sales are down 10.6% month-over-month from a revised rate of 668,000 in June and are up 5.6% from one year ago.
The latest Kansas City Fed Manufacturing Survey composite index did not decline as much in August following a sharper decline last month. The composite index came in at -3, up from -13 in July. Meanwhile, the future outlook increased to 8.
Existing home sales rose for the first time since February, ending a four-month skid. According to the data from the National Association of Realtors (NAR), existing home sales were up 1.3% from June, reaching a seasonally adjusted annual rate of 3.95 million units in July. This figure came in just above the expected 3.94 million. Existing home sales are down 2.5% compared to one year ago.
The Chicago Fed National Activity Index (CFNAI) fell to -0.34 in July from -0.09 in June. Two of the four broad categories of indicators used to construct the index decreased from June and three categories made negative contributions in July. The index's three-month moving average, CFNAI-MA3, was unchanged at -0.06 in July.
FINRA has released new data for margin debt, now available through July. The latest debt level is at $810.84 billion, its highest level since February 2022. Margin debt is up 0.2% month-over-month (MoM) and up 14.2% year-over-year (YoY). However, after adjusting for inflation, debt level is up 0.1% MoM and 11.0% YoY.
Economic indicators provide insight into the overall health and performance of an economy. They are essential tools for policymakers, advisors, investors, and businesses because they allow them to make informed decisions regarding business strategies and financial markets. In the week ending on August 15th, the SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust (SPY) rose 0.14% while the Invesco S&P 500® Equal Weight ETF (RSP) was up 2.45%.
Travel on all roads and streets decreased in June. The 12-month moving average was down 0.03% month-over-month and was up 1.40% year-over-year. If we factor in population growth, the 12-month MA of the civilian population-adjusted data (age 16-and-over) was down 0.10% MoM and up 0.78% YoY.
The Conference Board Leading Economic Index (LEI) decreased in July to its lowest level since April 2020. The index fell 0.6% from the previous month to 100.4, marking its fifth consecutive monthly decline.
