The debate over healthcare reform is in full swing, with forces aligning on all sides. From our perch, House Speaker Paul Ryan's health care bill has some appeal. It eliminates roughly $900 billion of Obamacare taxes over the next 10 years, including the extra 3.8% tax on dividends and long-term capital gains, as well as an extra 0.9% tax on high earners.
In addition, mainly through reforms to Medicaid, (which saw large increases in enrollment due to Obamacare), it reduces spending by roughly $1.2 trillion. These reforms rearrange a dysfunctional financial arrangement where states chose what gets covered by Medicaid, but the federal government picks up most of the tab. As a result, states have little incentive to find more efficient ways to deliver health care to the poor.
Ryan's plan also raises the contribution limit on health savings accounts, to make them work better when paired with catastrophic insurance. In general, the Ryan plan reduces spending, cuts taxes, and brings more market forces to bear.
But no matter how many Republicans say so, it's not a true free-market reform of the health care system. It basically codifies the Obamacare philosophy of healthcare as a "right" for Americans, while changing the methods of financing it, and attempting to reduce its overall cost.
Much of this is based on the idea that Obamacare "worked." Many people who had no insurance, and went to emergency rooms, now have insurance.
But Obamacare isn't a smartphone. It isn't magic, making better health care descend from heaven. It's just redistribution. Through a politically-complicated transfer scheme of taxes, fines, subsidies, and support to insurance companies, it taxes one group of people to pay for another group of people.
Those who receive the transfers get insurance, while those who pay for it have less after-tax income. The Ryan plan reduces and shifts the redistribution, but the heart of the system stays.
The reason the Ryan plan leaves the system mostly intact is because the budget process of the US Senate won't allow (without 60 votes) a move to a true free market plan. Moreover, while the Ryan plan cuts spending and taxes, a future Congress could reverse those moves. It's this potential for future Congresses to just boost the size of Medicaid payments to the states that has some politicians thinking of ways to change it. Senator Ted Cruz has an intriguing proposal that could allow true free market healthcare to be adopted; it would overcome filibusters and the 60 vote rule.
Normally, bills that deal with taxes and spending, like Ryan's bill, have to stick within the narrow confines of budget-related issues. If they do, they can pass the Senate with only a simple majority. But if part of a bill isn't really budget-related any Senator can object, by appealing to the Senate parliamentarian, who would then require 60 votes to keep that part of the bill. That's a very high hurdle, which means free market reform legislation can't pass the Senate.
